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2023 Common Test Japanese 3️⃣ Question 1 (A)

Yao Yao adverb

The verb to be

a noun

Case particles

2025/8/25 Edited to

... Read more共通テスト古文の文法問題って、単語の意味を知っていても「品詞分解で落とす」ことが多いので、私は“語ごとの役割”を1行ずつ確実に取る練習をしました。ここでは検索されやすいポイントを、自分の確認用ノートみたいにまとめます。 ■「やうやう」の意味(古文) 「やうやう」は基本的に副詞で、意味は「だんだん(と)/しだいに」。状況が少しずつ変化していくニュアンスです。現代語の「ようやく(やっと)」と混同しやすいですが、文脈によっては「やっと」に近い感じで訳が落ち着くこともあるので、私はまず「段階的な変化」を軸に考えるようにしています。 ■格助詞の見分け方:「に」が出たら何を見る? 「に」は格助詞で出ることが多く、直前の語(名詞・連体形など)とセットで働きを確認します。私の手順はこれです。 1) 直前が名詞なら、まず格助詞の可能性が高い 2) 「どこに」「いつに」「だれに」など、動作の対象・到達点っぽい関係になっているかを見る 3) もし「〜にて」「〜にぞ」など他の助詞と絡むなら、文全体の係り結びも疑う 今回の例みたいに「程(名詞)+に」は形がきれいなので、ここは落とさないポイントだと思います。 ■「おはしまして」の品詞分解(よく聞かれる) 「おはす/おはします」は尊敬語(いらっしゃる・おいでになる)で、文中では動詞として扱います。形としては ・おはし(連用形)+まして(補助動詞「ます」の連用形+接続助詞「て」等の形に見える場合あり) のように分けて確認することが多いです。設問では“敬意の方向(誰を立てるか)”もセットで聞かれやすいので、主語が誰かを先に押さえるのがコツでした。 ■「あながちに」の意味(古文) 「あながちに」は副詞で、「むやみに/一概に/強いて」。否定を伴って「むやみに〜ない」「一概に〜ない」の形で出ることが多い印象です。私は見た瞬間に「否定が来るかも」と身構えます。 ■「あなにくの男や」口語訳の考え方 「あなにく」は感動詞的に「まあにくい(いやな)」「意地悪な」のニュアンス。あとは「〜や」で詠嘆・呼びかけっぽさが出るので、口語訳では「なんてにくい男なのだろう」みたいに落とすのが無難でした。 ■「ちごのそら寝」動詞のチェック 作品名として有名ですが、動詞としては「寝(ぬ)」が核になります。「そら寝」は“寝たふり”なので、動作の主体・意図(気づいてるのに知らないふり等)まで読めると選択肢が切りやすかったです。 私はこの手の問題は、本文を読む前に「副詞・助詞・敬語」の3点だけ先に拾う癖をつけたら安定しました。品詞分解は小さな積み重ねなので、1問ごとに“迷った場所”をメモして潰すのが一番効きます。

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