Rifting is a fundamental geological process where the Earth's lithosphere is pulled apart, leading to the formation of rift valleys and new tectonic plate boundaries. This occurs due to extensional forces that cause the crust to thin and fracture. One of the most prominent examples of rifting is the East African Rift Valley, where the African Plate is in the process of splitting into smaller plates. The process of rifting can lead to volcanic activity, earthquakes, and the creation of new ocean basins when the rift progresses to full seafloor spreading. Rifting is categorized into different stages, including early rifting characterized by faulting and crustal thinning, followed by advanced rifting where volcanic activities and sedimentation occur. Understanding these stages is crucial for geologists in assessing natural resources such as geothermal energy and hydrocarbons, often associated with rift zones. In addition to continental rifting, oceanic rifting happens at mid-ocean ridges, where new oceanic crust is continuously generated, playing a vital role in plate tectonics and the recycling of Earth's surface materials. Studying rifting contributes to our knowledge of tectonic evolution, earthquake hazard assessment, and landscape formation. It provides insights into Earth's dynamic interior and helps predict geological hazards linked with tectonic movements.