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🐧 Permission permissions of Linux files

🐧 permissions of Linux files

Linux uses permissions to decide who can do what with a file or folder.

Three basic authorization rights.

R = Read (Open file)

w = write (edit or delete)

X = Execute (Run file)

🔢 The numbers make it easy.

Each authorization is numbered:

read = 4

write = 2

Execute = 1

Add them together. 👇

0 → Not allowed

1 → Execute

2 → Write

3 → Write + Execute

4 → Read

5 → Read + Execute

6 → Read + Write

7 → Read + Write + Execute

🧠 Sample

777 → Full Access (Read, Write, Execute)

644 → Owners can read and write. Others can only read.

755 → Full access owner. Others can read and execute.

🛠, command example.

CHMOD 755 file .sh

Simple rules to remember: 👉 4 + 2 + 1 = 7 (full permission)

# Recap 2025 # Take care of yourself # Open budget

# Linux # TechBasics🐧

2025/12/22 Edited to

... Read moreนอกจากการเข้าใจพื้นฐานของสิทธิ์การอนุญาต r, w, x แล้ว การใช้ตัวเลขแทนสิทธิ์ก็เป็นวิธีที่สะดวกและรวดเร็ว เช่น ใช้ chmod 755 เพื่อให้เจ้าของไฟล์มีสิทธิ์เต็มที่ ส่วนกลุ่มผู้ใช้และผู้อื่นจะมีสิทธิ์อ่านและรันไฟล์ได้เท่านั้น ถ้าคุณเป็นมือใหม่ เคล็ดลับง่ายๆ คือจำว่า 4 คืออ่าน 2 คือเขียน 1 คือรัน ถ้ารวมกันได้เท่าไหร่ก็ใช้ตัวเลขนั้น เช่น 7 คือการอ่าน เขียน และรันได้ทั้งหมด จากภาพ OCR ที่แสดงตารางสิทธิ์จะช่วยให้เห็นภาพรวมว่าค่าต่างๆ มีผลยังไงบ้าง ไม่ว่าจะเป็นเลขฐานแปดหรือสิทธิ์ในรูปแบบ rwx การเรียนรู้ตารางนี้จะช่วยให้เข้าใจแนวคิดเบื้องหลังและแก้ไขปัญหาการเข้าถึงไฟล์ได้ง่ายขึ้น ผมได้ลองใช้สิทธิ์ 644 กับไฟล์ส่วนตัว พบว่าเจ้าของไฟล์สามารถแก้ไขได้สะดวก ในขณะที่ผู้อื่นอ่านได้อย่างเดียว ช่วยยกระดับความปลอดภัยและลดโอกาสไฟล์ถูกแก้ไขโดยไม่ตั้งใจ ซึ่งเหมาะมากกับไฟล์คอนฟิกหรือเอกสารที่ไม่อยากให้ใครเปลี่ยน สุดท้ายอย่าลืมว่าการใช้ chmod อย่างเหมาะสมไม่เพียงแค่ช่วยเรื่องความปลอดภัย แต่ยังทำให้ระบบทำงานได้ราบรื่นและลดปัญหาเกี่ยวกับสิทธิ์ในอนาคต อาจเริ่มจากการทดลองเปลี่ยนสิทธิ์กับไฟล์ตัวอย่างก่อน เพื่อให้มั่นใจว่าสิ่งที่ตั้งค่านั้นตรงตามความต้องการจริงๆ

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