Networking Devices Explained – Routing, Switching

🌐 Networking Devices Explained – Routing, Switching & Firewall

Every strong network is built on three core pillars: Routing, Switching, and Security. Understanding how these devices work together is essential for anyone pursuing networking, cybersecurity, or system administration.

🔹 Routing (Routers)

• Connects multiple networks (LAN ↔ WAN)

• Makes forwarding decisions using IP addresses

• Works at OSI Layer 3

• Uses protocols like RIP, OSPF, EIGRP, IS-IS, BGP

🔹 Switching (Switches)

• Connects devices within the same LAN

• Uses MAC addresses for frame forwarding

• Works at OSI Layer 2

• Key technologies: VLAN, STP/RSTP, LACP, PortFast, BPDU Guard, LLDP

🔹 Firewall (Network Security)

• Protects networks by filtering traffic

• Acts as a barrier between trusted and untrusted networks

• Supports NAT, ACLs, IDS/IPS, VPN (IPSec), ZBFW

• Enables deep packet & HTTPS inspection

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