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Evolution of the Currency System (1914 - 1971)

📅 Timeline Evolution of the Currency System (1914 - 1971)

1.Beginning of the End of the Gold Standard (1914 - 1919)

When World War I broke out, the great powers needed huge sums of money for the war effort.

• Suspension of refunds: Many countries have announced the temporary cancellation of redeeming notes in gold so that more money can be printed than the amount of gold available.

• Inflation: Printing money to pay for war led to hyperinflation in many countries (especially Germany, in time).

2.System recovery efforts (1920s - 1930s)

After the war, the world tried to re-enter the gold standard, but was unsuccessful due to fragile economic conditions.

• The Great Depression (1929): The Great Depression caused people to panic and parade to withdraw gold.

• Executive Order 6102 (1933): US President Franklin D.Rosevelt ordered people to hand over all gold to the government and banned gold accumulation, in an effort to curb the currency and stimulate the economy.

3. Bretton Woods System (1944 - 1970)

Before World War II ended, representatives of 44 countries met in Bretton Woods to lay out a new global financial system.

• Gold Exchange Standard: The U.S. dollar is tied to $35 per ounce, and other currencies around the world are tied to the dollar again.

• Role of the United States: The dollar becomes the world's primary reserve currency, with the United States promising that anyone with a dollar can exchange it for gold at any time.

4.Fall and Log In Full-Body Fiat (1971)

Over time, the United States printed out too many dollars (for the Vietnam War and welfare programs) that gold reserves did not have enough to let other countries redeem the money.

• Nixon Shock (August 15, 1971): President Richard Nixon announces "a temporary suspension of the exchange of dollars for gold."

• The End of Gold Link: This announcement caused the collapse of the Bretton Woods system, and turned the dollar (as well as other currencies around the world) into Pure Fiat Money, or money whose value stems only from the confidence and legal authority of the government, no longer gold.

# goldstandards # fiatcurrency # fiat # moneyhub

1/18 Edited to

... Read moreเมื่อได้ศึกษาเกี่ยวกับวิวัฒนาการของระบบเงินตราจากปี 1914 ถึง 1971 แล้ว ผมรู้สึกได้ถึงความซับซ้อนและความเปลี่ยนแปลงที่ส่งผลกระทบอย่างลึกซึ้งต่อเศรษฐกิจโลกและวิถีชีวิตของคนทั่วโลกในเวลานั้น ในช่วงสงครามโลกครั้งที่ 1 การระงับการแลกคืนทองคำและการพิมพ์เงินเพิ่มขึ้นเพื่อสนับสนุนสงคราม ทำให้เกิดภาวะเงินเฟ้ออย่างรุนแรง โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งในเยอรมนีที่กลายเป็นตัวอย่างสำคัญที่สะท้อนปัญหาเหล่านี้ในชีวิตประจำวันของผู้คน ผมยังรู้สึกว่าการตัดสินใจของรัฐบาลในเวลานั้น เช่น Executive Order 6102 ที่สั่งให้ประชาชนส่งมอบทองคำทั้งหมดให้รัฐ ถือเป็นการเปลี่ยนแปลงที่ยิ่งใหญ่และขัดแย้งกับวิธีที่เราคุ้นเคยกับเงินตรามาอย่างยาวนาน ระบบ Bretton Woods เป็นอีกก้าวสำคัญที่แสดงให้เห็นถึงความพยายามของโลกในการสร้างเสถียรภาพทางการเงินหลังสงคราม โดยการผูกเงินดอลลาร์สหรัฐกับทองคำ แต่ท้ายที่สุดก็ต้องล่มสลายเพราะสหรัฐฯ พิมพ์เงินเกินความสามารถในการรองรับทองคำสำรอง ทำให้เกิด "Nixon Shock" ซึ่งเปลี่ยนโลกการเงินไปสู่ระบบเงิน Fiat ที่เราใช้กันในปัจจุบัน ผมเห็นว่าการเข้าใจประวัติของระบบเงินตรานี้ช่วยให้เราเห็นความสำคัญของความเชื่อมั่นในเงินตราและการบริหารจัดการทางการเงินของรัฐ ว่าระบบเงินที่ไม่อิงทองคำแต่มาจากความเชื่อมั่นและกฎหมาย มีความเปราะบางและต้องการความรับผิดชอบมากเพียงใด ดังนั้นสำหรับผู้ที่สนใจเรื่องเงินตราและเศรษฐกิจโลก การเรียนรู้ช่วงเวลานี้ไม่เพียงแต่ช่วยเพิ่มพูนความรู้ แต่ยังทำให้เราเห็นภาพรวมของการเปลี่ยนแปลงทางการเงินที่ส่งผลต่อเศรษฐกิจและสังคม จนถึงระบบการเงินที่เราเผชิญในยุคปัจจุบันด้วย

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