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Summary of the principle of prohibiting a court from judging or ordering, beyond request, or not said in the indictment.

6/28 Edited to

... Read moreจากประสบการณ์การศึกษาและติดตามคดีอาญา พบว่า มาตรา 192 วรรค 1 ของประมวลกฎหมายวิธีพิจารณาความอาญา มีความสำคัญอย่างยิ่งในการรักษาความเป็นธรรมและสิทธิ์ของจำเลย เพราะเป็นการจำกัดอำนาจของศาลไม่ให้พิพากษาไกลเกินกว่าคำขอหรือข้อเท็จจริงที่โจทก์ได้ฟ้องไว้ ซึ่งหากศาลฝ่าฝืนอาจทำให้คดีนั้นไม่ชอบด้วยกฎหมาย ซึ่งในทางปฏิบัติ ศาลจะต้องพิจารณาอย่างรอบคอบทั้งคำฟ้องและคำขอท้ายฟ้อง เพื่อไม่ให้เกิดการพิพากษา "เกินคำขอ" หรือ "ที่มิได้กล่าวในฟ้อง"โดยความหมายของ "เกินคำขอ" คือ การพิพากษาไปในเรื่องที่อยู่นอกเหนือจากที่โจทก์ได้ระบุไว้ในคำขอท้ายฟ้อง และ "ที่มิได้กล่าวในฟ้อง" คือ เรื่องที่ไม่ได้ถูกบรรยายฟ้องไว้เลยในคำฟ้อง ดังนั้น ศาลจะต้องพิพากษาให้เป็นไปตามฐานความผิดที่โจทก์ฟ้องมาและคำขอท้ายคำฟ้องเท่านั้น ในทางปฏิบัติ พบกรณีที่โจทก์ฟ้องในฐานความผิดหนึ่ง แต่ข้อเท็จจริงในชั้นพิจารณาอาจจะชี้ให้เห็นความผิดฐานอื่นที่ไม่ถูกฟ้องไว้ ศาลไม่อาจพิพากษาลงโทษจำเลยตามความผิดนั้นได้หากเข้าข่ายเกินคำขอหรือมิได้กล่าวในฟ้อง เว้นแต่จะเป็นกรณีข้อยกเว้นตามมาตรา 192 วรรค 2 เป็นต้นไป ซึ่งมีข้อยกเว้นเฉพาะเจาะจงทำให้ศาลอาจมีอำนาจพิพากษาได้ ผู้เรียนและผู้ปฏิบัติงานกฎหมายควรตระหนักถึงความสำคัญของหลักการนี้ เพื่อป้องกันการขัดแย้งทางกฎหมาย เช่น การฟ้องในฐานลักทรัพย์ แต่พิจารณาเป็นวิ่งราวทรัพย์ที่ไม่ได้เรียกร้องลงโทษในคำฟ้อง ซึ่งหากศาลพิพากษาตามนั้นจะถือว่าเกินคำขอและเป็นเรื่องที่ไม่ได้กล่าวในฟ้อง ผิดหลักการตามมาตรา 192 นอกจากนี้ การศึกษาคดีตัวอย่าง เช่น คดีที่ศาลฎีกาพิพากษาตีความมาตรา 192 อย่างละเอียด ช่วยเข้าใจเจตนาและหลักเกณฑ์การใช้กฎหมายอย่างถูกต้องอย่างลึกซึ้ง ทั้งนี้ เพื่อให้การทำคดีและการศึกษากฎหมายมีความครบถ้วน เป็นไปตามหลักความยุติธรรม และป้องกันการฟ้องคดีและการพิพากษาที่อาจถูกเพิกถอนในขั้นตอนอุทธรณ์หรือฎีกา

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