History of Political Ideas (Abridged Edition) 🏛️

History of the Concept of Dominion Politics

(A matter of power that humans have always tried to explain)

If there's one of the oldest political questions,

Probably this question.

"Who should rule, and why?"

Politics didn't start with Congress.

But from basic human necessity.

Is to live together without killing each other.

Before A.D. 500

Power = sky / God / national origin

In an ancient society,

Power is described as

• From the gods.

• From a bloodline

• From fate

The king is "the chosen one."

The people are "the governed."

The question of rights, freedom.

Almost not born

AD 400-300 BC

Politics as Reason

Ancient Greece was a major turning point.

Because humans began to use "reason" to explain power.

Plato proposed that

Parents should be wise men.

Because understanding the highest goodness

Aristotle.

See politics as

Organizing a society for a good life.

The key concept of this era is

• Politics is "debatable."

• Power is not purely sacred.

0-500 C.E.

Law and Empire

The Roman Empire proposed a new concept.

Power must come with the law.

Roman law

Became the foundation of the modern state.

But in the meantime,

Christianity also proposes that

The supreme power belongs to God.

Politics began to fall between

"Human law" vs. "religious morality"

500-1500 C.E.

Feudal and Religious Authority

Medieval

Politics is dominated by

• Church

• Feudalism

People have a status by origin.

Not by right.

The concept of

"Rights of the individual"

Not yet born.

c.1215

The beginning of limiting power.

Magna Carta in England

Declare that

Even the king is under the law.

This is the seed of

• Constitution

• State law

• Restrictions on state power

c.1600-1700

State power vs individual freedom

This era is a clash of big ideas.

Thomas Hobbs believed that

Without the state, humans will kill each other.

So the state must be strong.

John Logue proposed that

The state has rights protected.

Not oppressing the people.

The "Congregation Promise" concept

Began to be the core of modern politics.

c.1700-1800

The people are the owners of power.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau.

Offer a very strong idea that

Sovereignty belongs to the people.

This concept

Spark

• American Revolution

• French Revolution

Democracy

Beginning to become the ideal of the modern world.

c.1800-1900

The politics of class.

As capitalism grows,

The disparity became clearer.

Karl Marx.

See that

The state is the tool of the ruling class.

Politics is a class struggle.

Socialist and Communist Concepts

Happened to counter liberals.

1900-1990

Ideology clashes

20th century

Is the battlefield of political ideas.

• Liberal democracy

• Fascist

• Communism

World War and Cold War

Prove that.

Political ideas are not theoretical.

But it "actually kills people."

1990-present

Politics in the world is complicated.

After the Cold War,

Democracy seems to win.

But the world is more complicated.

• Globalization

• Technology

• Identity politics

• Populism

The new question isn't just

Who should rule?

But is

What kind of political system?

Really deal with a fast-changing world.

In a straight conversation summary.

If the shortest summary

• Politics begins with the power of the sky.

• Change to the power of reason.

• Continue with the authority of the law

• And is debating

Whose power should it belong to?

Political history is not a straight line.

But is to come back and ask the same question

In an ever-changing world,