🫁 TUBERCULOSIS REVIEW
Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis.
🦠 It’s spread through AIRBORNE droplets (coughing, talking, sneezing)
Pathophysiology:
Bacteria enter lungs ➔ adhere to alveoli ➔ immune response triggered ➔ granulomas (lesions) develop
Types of TB:
⭐Latent TB= INactive infection
→Bacteria present but encapsulated
→Asymptomatic and not contagious.
⭐Active TB= ACTIVE infection
→Symptomatic and contagious
⚠️ Important:
BOTH types need treatment because latent TB can BECOME active if not treated
Symptoms:
→Cough lasting >3 weeks
→Blood-tinged sputum
→Night sweats
→Fever
→Unintended weight loss
→Chest pain
→Low appetite
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Tuberculosis remains a significant global health issue, primarily affecting the lungs but also presenting risks to other organs, including the kidneys and brain. It’s crucial to understand the distinction between latent TB and active TB. While latent TB is asymptomatic and not contagious, it can progress to active TB if untreated, potentially impacting public health. Symptoms of active TB can vary in intensity; however, common indicators include a persistent cough exceeding three weeks, weight loss, severe fatigue, and night sweats. Effective treatment for both latent and active TB is vital to prevent complications and transmission. The World Health Organization (WHO) provides resources for understanding TB prevention and control strategies, underlining the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate medical intervention to manage this bacterial infection effectively. Health education plays a significant role in TB prevention, emphasizing hygiene practices, such as wearing masks in crowded places and ensuring adequate ventilation in living environments. If you or individuals close to you exhibit symptoms associated with TB, it’s imperative to seek medical advice promptly, as early treatment can lead to better outcomes and helps to curb the spread of this disease.

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