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IV Therapy Complication (nclex focus)

🔑 IV Therapy Complications (NCLEX Focus)

1. Infiltration

Cause: IV fluid leaks into surrounding tissue (catheter dislodged or vein punctured).

Signs: Cool, pale, swollen skin; discomfort at site; slowed/absent infusion.

Nursing Actions: Stop infusion, remove IV, elevate extremity, apply warm/cool compress depending on solution.

2. Extravasation

Cause: Vesicant (toxic to tissue) medication leaks into tissue.

Signs: Pain, blistering, necrosis, swelling.

Nursing Actions: Stop infusion immediately, leave IV in place for possible antidote administration, notify provider.

3. Phlebitis

Cause: Irritation or infection of the vein wall.

Signs: Redness, warmth, streaking along vein, pain, cord-like vein.

Nursing Actions: Stop infusion, remove IV, apply warm compress, restart IV in opposite extremity.

4. Thrombophlebitis

Cause: Blood clot + vein inflammation.

Signs: Pain, swelling, redness, sluggish flow.

Nursing Actions: Stop IV, remove catheter, notify provider, warm compress, monitor for embolus.

5. Hematoma

Cause: Blood leaks into surrounding tissue (unsuccessful stick or after removal).

Signs: Bruising, swelling, pain.

Nursing Actions: Apply pressure, elevate, cold compress initially.

6. Infection

Cause: Poor aseptic technique, contaminated IV site/equipment.

Signs: Redness, warmth, swelling, purulent drainage, fever.

Nursing Actions: Remove IV, culture tip if ordered, start antibiotics as prescribed.

7. Fluid Overload

Cause: Excessive IV infusion or rapid rate.

Signs: Dyspnea, crackles, edema, increased BP, bounding pulse, JVD.

Nursing Actions: Slow or stop infusion, raise HOB, administer O2/diuretics as prescribed, monitor lungs.

8. Air Embolism

Cause: Air enters IV line and travels into circulation.

Signs: Sudden dyspnea, chest pain, tachycardia, hypotension, cyanosis, “mill wheel” murmur.

Nursing Actions: Clamp line, place patient in left Trendelenburg position, administer O2, notify provider.

✨ NCLEX Tip to Remember:

Cool + swollen site → Infiltration

Red + streaking vein → Phlebitis

SOB + crackles → Fluid overload

Chest pain + cyanosis → Air embolism

NursingStudents #NCLEXPrep #NursingSchool #IVTherapy #IVComplications #MedSurgNursing #NursingTips #NCLEXReview #FutureNurse #NursingEducation #NursingNotes #StudentNurse #NurseTok #NursingContent #StudyTok #

2025/9/24 Edited to

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