Hybrid Off-Grid Solar System

The working chart of a small Hybrid Off-Grid photovoltaic system (approximately 1kW) designed to backup and reduce solar power, with the following:

1. Solar Panels

Starting at 2 solar panels (550W each panel size) per series (Series) to increase the voltage (Voltage), the power produced will be direct current (DC), running through 10AWG wires into the DC circuit breaker (20A) for safety before forwarding to the controller.

2. Solar Charge Controller

The centerpiece at this stage is SRNE 40A (MPPT):

• Serves to optimize the voltage from the panel to charge down the battery.

• The MPPT system will help iron the maximum performance from the panel even in low light conditions.

• The light from the controller will pass through another DC (40A) breaker before the battery charge.

3. Battery Bank

In the picture, two 12.8V 100Ah lithium phosphate batteries are used per series:

• Serial concatenation yields a 24V (100Ah) pressure system to match the inverter.

• LVD (Low Voltage Disconnect) is installed: This is very important. It measures the battery voltage. If the light is too low, the operation will be cut off to preserve the battery life from deteriorating quickly.

4. Current Conversion (Inverter)

The 24V DC light from the battery will be delivered to SNAT 24V 1KW Inverter:

• Acting to convert direct current (DC) to AC 220V as a house light

• Pass AC (6A) breakers to prevent overload before sending to use

5. Supply Management and Switching System (ATS & Monitoring)

The hallmark of the system in the picture is the ability to switch lights automatically:

• ATS (Automatic Transfer Switch): Serves to switch the power supply between "solar light" and "electrical light (VECO 220V)." If the solar power is exhausted, the system will switch to the capital light immediately to keep the appliances running.

• SSR (Solid State Relay): Serves as an electronic switch that works with the LVD to cut / connect the circuit according to battery voltage.

• 6-in-1 Multimeter: Display to view the power consumption state in real time (voltage, current, watt, total power)

Panel requirement table summary (Figure 2)

The second figure is a table calculating the number of panels appropriate to the system size (kW), such as:

• For 2kW system, 4 500W panels are required

• The principle is: number of panels x watts per panel = total size of system (kW)

• Example: 13\ text {panel}\ times 400\ text {W} = 5,200\ text {W} (or approximately 5\ text {kW} system)

Additional precautions:

1.Cord size: In the image, indicate 8AWG and 10AWG sizes, which are considered suitable for current in this size system.

2.Cooling: Both Inverter and Charge Controller should be installed in a convenient ventilated place.

3. Safety: Having an all-point split breaker (PV, Battery, AC Out) as pictured is a very good standard.

If you are going to install it according to this layout, check all Terminal access points tightly because the DC system is loose and is vulnerable to fire.