The fight against drug trafficking, known locally as "guerra contra el narcotráfico," remains one of the most critical social and security challenges in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This prolonged conflict involves not only law enforcement agencies but also deeply affects the city's communities. Rio de Janeiro has a long history of drug-related violence that has shaped many aspects of its urban life. The efforts against narcotrafficking are intense, involving police operations and military interventions aimed at pacifying violent favelas (informal settlements) where powerful drug gangs often exert control. These operations have complex outcomes. On one hand, they seek to dismantle criminal networks responsible for trafficking and related crimes such as homicides, kidnappings, and corruption. On the other, the militarized approach sometimes escalates violence, affects innocent civilians, and strains trust between residents and authorities. The social fabric in many neighborhoods is disrupted, contributing to cycles of poverty and marginalization. Community initiatives and alternative strategies have been proposed to complement enforcement efforts. Programs focusing on education, social inclusion, and economic opportunities aim to offer youth alternatives to drug involvement. Additionally, civil society groups work toward addressing human rights concerns during operations. Understanding the "guerra contra el narcotráfico" in Rio is crucial for recognizing the broader implications of drug trafficking in Brazil's urban settings. It highlights the need for balanced approaches that combine security, social policy, and community engagement to foster sustainable peace and development in affected areas.