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ABB Consumer for EV Charger

2025/9/10 Edited to

... Read moreหลายคนถามเหมือนกันว่า “ติด EV Charger แล้วต้องใช้สายไฟเบอร์อะไร?” ขอเคลียร์ก่อนเลย: งานไฟของ EV Charger ส่วนใหญ่ “ไม่ใช้สายไฟเบอร์” ครับ ที่ใช้คือสายไฟทองแดงสำหรับจ่ายกำลัง (Power) และสายสัญญาณ/สื่อสาร (ถ้ามี) ซึ่งจะเป็นสาย LAN/สายสื่อสารตามรุ่น ไม่เกี่ยวกับไฟเบอร์ออปติก ถ้าจะทำตู้ ABB Consumer unit สำหรับ EV Charger ผมแนะนำให้มองเป็น 3 ส่วนหลัก ๆ ตามที่เห็นในภาพ: Meter (PEA/MEA) → ตู้ Consumer unit (System proM) → เครื่องชาร์จ (Charger) 1) สายไฟที่ใช้กับ EV Charger ควรเป็นแบบไหน - สายเมนจากตู้ไปเครื่องชาร์จ: ใช้สายทองแดงชนิด THW/IEC01 หรือ NYY (แล้วแต่รูปแบบเดินท่อ/เดินลอย) เน้นเลือกตามกระแสใช้งานจริงและระยะทาง - สายต้องมี “สายดิน (PE)” ไปถึงตัวเครื่องชาร์จเสมอ (เช่น Plug 2P+E หรือเดินเข้าตู้/เข้าตัวเครื่องแบบมี PE) - ถ้าเครื่องเป็นแบบปลั๊ก (Plug-in) ให้ใช้เต้ารับ/ปลั๊กที่รองรับกระแสและมีสายดินจริง ไม่ใช่แค่มีรูดินแต่ไม่ได้ต่อถึงกราวด์ 2) ขนาดสายไฟเลือกยังไงให้ไม่ร้อน/ไม่ตก - เริ่มจากดู “กำลังชาร์จ (kW)” และ “เฟสไฟ” ของเครื่อง (1 เฟส/3 เฟส) - สำหรับ 1 เฟสที่พบได้บ่อย: 7.4 kW จะกินกระแสประมาณ 32A (โดยคร่าว ๆ) ดังนั้นวงจรควรเผื่อขนาดสายและอุปกรณ์ป้องกันให้เหมาะสม - ระยะสายยิ่งไกล แรงดันตกยิ่งมาก ควรขยับหน้าตัดสายให้ใหญ่ขึ้น โดยเฉพาะบ้านที่จอดรถห่างจากตู้เมน 3) อุปกรณ์ในตู้ ABB (System proM) ที่ควรมี - เบรกเกอร์หลัก/MCB เฉพาะวงจร EV Charger (แยกจากโหลดอื่น) - อุปกรณ์ตัดไฟรั่ว (RCD/RCBO) ตามสเปกเครื่องชาร์จ: บางรุ่นต้อง Type A + ตรวจจับ DC 6mA หรือใช้ Type B (ขึ้นกับคู่มือ) ตรงนี้สำคัญมากเพราะเกี่ยวกับความปลอดภัยและผ่านมาตรฐาน - SPD (กันไฟกระชาก) ถ้าอยู่พื้นที่ฟ้าผ่าบ่อยหรือไฟไม่นิ่ง เพิ่มแล้วอุ่นใจกว่า 4) เรื่องกราวด์ (Ground Rod) ที่คนมักมองข้าม - แนะนำทำแท่งกราวด์/ระบบกราวด์ให้ได้ค่าตามมาตรฐาน และต่อสายดินจากตู้ไปเครื่องชาร์จให้ครบ - ถ้าบ้านมีกราวด์เดิมอยู่แล้วให้ตรวจสอบ/วัดค่า ไม่ใช่ต่อรวมแบบเดาสุ่ม เพราะ EV Charger เป็นโหลดที่ใช้กำลังสูงและต้องพึ่งพาระบบป้องกันไฟดูดจริง ๆ 5) ABB ตั้งเวลาชาร์จได้ไหม? - โดยทั่วไป “ตั้งเวลา” มักอยู่ที่ตัวเครื่องชาร์จ (ผ่านแอป) หรือที่รถ (ตั้งตารางในรถ) มากกว่าที่ตู้ Consumer unit ของ ABB - ตู้/เบรกเกอร์ ABB ทำหน้าที่ป้องกันและแยกวงจรเป็นหลัก ไม่ได้เป็นตัวตั้งเวลาชาร์จ (ยกเว้นติดตั้งอุปกรณ์เสริมอย่าง Timer/Contactor/ระบบควบคุมเพิ่มเติม ซึ่งต้องออกแบบวงจรให้ถูกต้อง) สรุปสั้น ๆ: เลือกสายทองแดงให้เหมาะกับกระแสและระยะทาง, แยกวงจร EV ออกจากโหลดอื่น, ใส่ RCD ให้ตรงชนิดที่เครื่องชาร์จกำหนด, และทำกราวด์ให้ถูกต้อง จะได้ชาร์จได้ยาว ๆ แบบปลอดภัยครับ

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