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What's the difference between sh and s in Chinese?

2025/9/9 Edited to

... Read moreหลายคนเริ่มเรียนสัทอักษรจีน (pinyin) แล้วงง “sh” กับ “s” มาก เพราะฟังคล้ายกัน โดยเฉพาะเวลาคนจีนพูดเร็ว ๆ เราเองก็เคยหลุดบ่อย จนมาจับหลักเรื่อง “ตำแหน่งลิ้น” แล้วดีขึ้นชัดเจน 1) หลักจำง่าย: sh = ลิ้นงอ/เสียงหนา, s = ลิ้นแบน/เสียงคม - เสียง sh เป็นกลุ่มเสียงลิ้นม้วน (retroflex) ปลายลิ้น “งอขึ้น” ไปทางเพดานปากด้านหน้าเล็กน้อย เสียงจะออกแนวหนา ๆ ฟู่ ๆ คล้าย “ช” แต่มีลมเสียดชัด - เสียง s ปลายลิ้นอยู่ “ด้านหลังฟันหน้า” หรือใกล้สันเหงือก ลิ้นค่อนข้างแบน เสียงจะคมกว่า คล้าย “ซ” ชัด ๆ 2) ท่าฝึกตำแหน่งปากและลิ้น (ทำหน้ากระจกช่วยได้) - ฝึก sh: ลองยิ้มเล็กน้อย เปิดปากพอดี ๆ แล้ว “งอปลายลิ้นขึ้น” (ไม่ต้องแตะเพดานแรง) ปล่อยลมให้เสียดออกมาเป็น “shhhh” ยาว ๆ - ฝึก s: ปลายลิ้นอยู่หลังฟันหน้า ลิ้นแบนกว่า แล้วปล่อยลมเป็น “ssss” ยาว ๆ ให้เสียงคม ไม่หนา ทริคที่ช่วยเรา: ถ้ารู้สึกว่าเสียงออกเป็น “ซ” แปลว่ายังใกล้ s ไป ให้ลองงอปลายลิ้นเพิ่มเพื่อไปทาง sh 3) ตัวอย่างที่คนชอบสับสน: shí vs shì คำว่า shí (เสียงที่ 2) กับ shì (เสียงที่ 4) ไม่ได้ต่างกันแค่โทน แต่ “พยัญชนะ sh” ต้องชัดก่อนถึงจะฟังออกว่าเป็นคำไหน - shí = ฉือ (โทน 2) ปลายเสียงต้อง “ยกขึ้น” - shì = ชื่อ (โทน 4) ปลายเสียง “ตกลงแรง” ถ้าพูดเร็วแล้วเหมือนกัน ให้แยกฝึก 2 ส่วน: (1) ทำ sh ให้ถูก (2) ค่อยใส่โทน 2 กับ 4 ทีหลัง 4) ประโยคฝึกลิ้นพันยอดฮิต: “shí shì shí / 四是四” อันนี้ช่วยเช็กเลยว่าเราออก sh ได้จริงไหม - shí shì shí (十是十) = สิบคือสิบ - sì shì sì (四是四) = สี่คือสี่ ลองฝึกเป็นคู่: (ก) shí shì shí (ข) sì shì sì สลับไปมา 10 รอบ แล้วอัดเสียงตัวเองฟัง จะรู้ทันทีว่าหลุด sh เป็น s หรือทำ s หนาเกินไป 5) วิธีซ้อมให้เห็นผลเร็ว (ที่เราใช้จริง) - วันละ 3 นาที: ทำเสียงยาว “shhhh” 10 ครั้ง + “ssss” 10 ครั้ง - ต่อด้วยคำสั้น ๆ: shí / shì / sì สลับกัน - ปิดท้ายด้วยประโยค: shí shì shí และ sì shì sì ทำต่อเนื่อง 5-7 วัน ความต่างจะชัดขึ้นมาก โดยเฉพาะเวลาเจอคำที่ขึ้นต้นด้วย sh หรือ s ในบทสนทนา ถ้าฝึกแล้วอยากเช็กความถูกต้อง ลองอัดเสียงอ่านประโยค “shí shì shí / 四是四” แล้วฟังย้อน เทียบว่าตอนพูด sh เสียงหนากว่า s จริงไหม แค่นี้ก็จับจุดผิดได้ไวขึ้นมาก

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