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Asset Administration Shell

Modern factories collect enormous amounts of information, but that data is often scattered across manuals, maintenance systems, sensors, and supplier databases. The Asset Administration Shell was created to give each machine a standardized digital identity. It organizes technical specifications, do

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Tesla motor

In 1888, Nikola Tesla patented an alternating-current motor that helped solve a major challenge: producing rotary motion without mechanical commutators. His design used alternating currents in separate windings to create a rotating magnetic field. That field induced currents in the rotor, producing

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Education

Discover the books behind Automation History. Explore the full story of engineering from ancient waterworks and mechanical clocks to steam power, factories, robotics, and AI. Start with The History of Automation Book 1 ($14.99) or Ancient Automation Book 2 ($14.99). Get the complete 8-volume Illus

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Industrial pneumatic systems

As factories expanded, engineers needed reliable ways to move machinery without depending entirely on manual effort. Industrial pneumatic systems developed around compressed air, valves, and cylinders. When a valve directs pressurized air into a cylinder, it moves a piston to produce mechanical for

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Optical fiber

In 1970, researchers at Corning Glass Works demonstrated optical fiber with dramatically reduced signal loss. Robert Maurer, Donald Keck, and Peter Schultz developed glass fibers capable of carrying light over useful communication distances. Light travels through the fiber's core, guided by dif

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Telephone exchange

In the late 1800s, telephone calls depended on human operators manually connecting wires. Almon Strowger developed an automatic switching system to reduce that dependence. Patented in 1891, his design used electrical pulses to operate electromechanical switches that selected telephone connections.

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Electromechanical teletypewriters

Before electronic messaging, offices needed a way to transmit written information without someone decoding every telegraph signal. Electromechanical teletypewriters converted keyboard input into coded electrical pulses. At the receiving end, synchronized mechanisms interpreted those pulses and prin

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Model 726 tape unit for the IBM 701 computer.

In 1951, IBM engineers were developing a new way for computers to store and retrieve large amounts of information. Their magnetic tape technology recorded digital data as magnetic patterns on a moving strip of tape. Motors and electronic reading heads controlled how information was written and r

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Tidal water mill at nendrum monastery

Imagine using the ocean to power a machine over 1,400 years ago. During the Middle Ages, grinding grain into flour required exhausting manual labor. Around 619 CE, a tidal watermill operated at Nendrum Monastery in what is now Northern Ireland. As the tide rose, seawater filled a reservoir

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Postal camera

In November 1965, the U.S. Post Office introduced a high-speed optical character reader in Detroit to help sort growing volumes of mail. The machine scanned the printed city, state, and ZIP Code line, converted the characters into electronic data, and directed letters toward sorting pockets.

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automatic bobbin-changing mechanism.

In the 1890s, textile mills lost time whenever a loom ran out of weft yarn. James Northrop helped solve that problem with an automatic bobbin-changing mechanism. A mechanical feeler detected when the shuttle's bobbin was nearly empty. The loom then inserted a fresh bobbin from a supply witho

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Flour mill

In the 1780s, flour mills needed workers to carry grain and meal between separate processing steps. American inventor Oliver Evans developed a water-powered system using bucket elevators, conveyors, and a rotating hopper boy to move and cool meal mechanically. George Washington installed Evans&#

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differential analyzer.

Before electronic computers, engineers faced a massive problem. Solving complex mathematical equations could take days or even weeks of calculations by hand. In the 1930s, British mathematician Douglas Hartree wanted a faster solution. Working with Arthur Porter, he developed an experimental

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Tesla boat

In 1898, Nikola Tesla demonstrated a model boat controlled without wires. He wanted to show that electrical signals could command machinery from a distance. A transmitter sent signals to a receiver aboard the boat, where relays and mechanical contacts operated its motor and steering. This was

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Attitude adjustment

Early pilots had to constantly correct their aircraft's attitude, making flight tiring and demanding. In 1914, Lawrence Sperry publicly demonstrated a gyroscopic stabilizer developed with his father, Elmer Sperry. Spinning gyroscopes detected changes in orientation, and the control system

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earn about the first great automation

Come check out Automation History and learn about the first great automation. Long before robots or computers, ancient civilizations engineered canals, basins, and gates so gravity could move water to fields in Mesopotamia and along the Nile. Explore the full history, images, and research at Autom

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Learn modern automation and history

Come check out Automation History and learn modern automation. Explore how PLCs, automated assembly lines, industrial computers, SCADA, warehouses, robots, AMRs, machine vision, predictive systems, machine learning, and digital twins work together in connected industrial systems. Full articles, im

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Train signals

In 1872, engineer William Robinson patented a railway track circuit to help prevent trains from entering occupied sections of track. A battery sent current through the rails to a relay. When a train’s metal wheels and axles bridged the rails, the relay changed state, allowing signals to warn app

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Modern bulldozers

Modern bulldozers float across mud that would stop ordinary wheels. Around 1904, Benjamin Holt in California wheels with continuous linked tracks. The plates spread the weight and delivered real traction on soft farmland. A photographer said it crawled like a caterpillar — and the name stuck. In 19

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Who created the automatic bottle-making machine?

Before 1903, glass bottles were largely made by hand, a slow, labor-intensive process. Michael Owens developed a commercially successful automatic bottle-making machine that used suction to gather molten glass and rotating molds to shape containers. Multiple stations worked in a repeating cyc

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The history of automation from ancient to modern times. automationhistory.com