5 POINT
5POINT: History
5 remarkable reasons behind the collapse of the Indus Valley Civilization
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1. Monsoon rains reduce drastically - not enough water to do agriculture
Research from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution found that about 3900 ‐ 3000 years ago, monsoon rains decreased dramatically, resulting in the drying up of important rivers such as the Sarasvati / Ghaggar-Hakra, many cities having to evacuate.
📖 Source: WHOI - Climate Change Led to Collapse of Ancient Indus Civilization
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2.Rivers change course / flood and sediment over the city
There is geological evidence that some rivers changed their flow; the ancient people in the city of Lothal were disturbed by flooding and changing their waterways, which made their ports and water trading systems as unusable as before.
📖 Source: History of Lothal / Wikipedia - Lothal
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3. Decline in trade and interurban networks
The Harappan civilization once had trade with Mesopotamia, and other regions, using seals and glitter tools as trade symbols, but as the big cities became deserted and the number of trade declined, the economy became so weak that it could not sustain the big city system.
📖 Source: Britannica - Decline of the Indus Valley Civilization
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4. Degradation of natural resources
Deforestation to burn bricks, building and industrial materials, degrade the soil, flood the balance, and make farmland not as fertile as before, so that it cannot feed large urban populations.
📖 Source: Barristery.in - Decline of the Indus Valley Civilization
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5. There is no clear evidence of catastrophe from major wars or aggression.
The theory of Aryan Invasion Theory was very popular, but archaeologists now find that there is no evidence of weapons dumping or heavy fire throughout the city and no systematic destruction in the form of a major war, so it is believed to be a gradual collapse.
📖 Source: Britannica / Science News Today
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> "The Harappan civilization did not disappear because of swords or fire... but because of its quiet nature and neglect that happened more slowly than anything."
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