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The Dead Sea

The Dead Sea is located between Israel, Palestine and Jordan, and its shape has changed over the years. The surface area of the sea has decreased from about 660 square kilometers in 1930 to about 376 square kilometers today, and this rate of evaporation has prompted the Dead Sea to gradually separate into two basins since the late 1970s.

Since the early 1980s, the southern basin of the Dead Sea has been developed and divided into a series of saltwater evaporation ponds.

#israel

#jordan

#deadsea

2025/9/10 Edited to

... Read moreถ้าคุณกำลังค้นหา “ประวัติทะเลเดดซี” แบบรวบรัด แต่ยังอยากเข้าใจภาพรวมจริงๆ ทะเลเดดซี (Dead Sea) เป็นทะเลสาบน้ำเค็มขนาดใหญ่ที่อยู่คั่นกลางระหว่างอิสราเอล/ปาเลสไตน์ และจอร์แดน จุดเด่นคือมีความเค็มสูงมากจนคนชอบพูดกันว่า “ลอยตัวได้” แต่สิ่งที่น่าสนใจไม่แพ้กันคือประวัติการเปลี่ยนแปลงของรูปร่างและขนาดของมันในช่วงร้อยปีที่ผ่านมา จากข้อมูลที่เจอและอ่านต่อยอดมา ทะเลเดดซีเคยมีพื้นที่ผิวน้ำราว 660 ตร.กม. ในปี 1930 แต่ปัจจุบันเหลือราว 376 ตร.กม. ซึ่งถือว่าหดลงเยอะมากในเวลาไม่กี่ชั่วอายุคน สาเหตุหลักที่มักถูกพูดถึงคือ “น้ำระเหยมากกว่าน้ำไหลเข้า” เพราะภูมิอากาศแห้งร้อนอยู่แล้ว ทำให้การระเหยเกิดขึ้นสูง พอน้ำใหม่เติมไม่ทัน ระดับน้ำก็ลดลงเรื่อยๆ และแนวชายฝั่งก็ถอยร่น ช่วงปลายทศวรรษ 1970 ทะเลเดดซีเริ่มค่อยๆ แยกตัวเป็น 2 แอ่ง (สองบาซิน) ซึ่งเป็นจุดเปลี่ยนสำคัญทางประวัติศาสตร์ภูมิศาสตร์ของที่นี่ นึกภาพง่ายๆ คือส่วนเหนือยังเป็นผืนน้ำหลัก ส่วนใต้ตื้นกว่าและถูกแยกออกมากขึ้นตามการลดระดับน้ำ ทำให้โครงสร้างของทะเลเดดซีไม่เหมือนเดิมอีกต่อไป ต่อมา ตั้งแต่ช่วงต้นทศวรรษ 1980 แอ่งทางใต้ถูกพัฒนาเป็นบ่อระเหยน้ำเกลือ (saltwater evaporation ponds) เป็นชุดๆ เพื่อการจัดการน้ำเค็มและการผลิตแร่/เกลือในเชิงอุตสาหกรรม พอเป็น “บ่อ” ที่ควบคุมได้ ก็เลยเห็นลักษณะเป็นช่องๆ หรือแปลงๆ ชัดเจนกว่าธรรมชาติ และทำให้หลายคนที่ดูรูปถ่ายดาวเทียมหรือภาพมุมสูงรู้สึกว่าทะเลเดดซีเปลี่ยนหน้าตาไปมาก ถ้าคุณกำลังจะไปเที่ยวฝั่งอิสราเอลหรือจอร์แดน แนะนำให้ดูแผนที่อัปเดตล่าสุดก่อน เพราะจุดชมวิวและทางลงน้ำบางแห่งอาจเปลี่ยนไปตามระดับน้ำที่ลดลงเรื่อยๆ (บางช่วงต้องเดินไกลขึ้นกว่าจะถึงขอบน้ำ) และที่สำคัญ เวลาเล่นน้ำให้ระวังอย่าให้น้ำเข้าตา/เข้าปาก เพราะความเค็มสูงมาก แสบจริง—เป็นประสบการณ์ที่หลายคนเจอแล้วจำไม่ลืม สรุปสั้นๆ ของ “ประวัติทะเลเดดซี” ในยุคใหม่คือ: พื้นที่หดลงอย่างต่อเนื่อง ระดับน้ำลดจนแยกเป็น 2 แอ่ง และแอ่งใต้ถูกปรับเป็นบ่อระเหยเกลือเพื่อใช้งานเชิงอุตสาหกรรม—ทั้งหมดนี้ทำให้ทะเลเดดซีในปัจจุบันต่างจากภาพจำเมื่อหลายสิบปีก่อนพอสมควร

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