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How to reinstall Windows 11 without erasing data!

3/13 Edited to

... Read more「Windows11が重い/不具合が多い=初期化しかない」と思いがちですが、私はまず“データを残したまま直す”ルートを試すようにしています。ここではUSBインストールメディアを使う手順に加えて、検索されがちな周辺トラブル(セーフモード、更新プログラムを戻す、FAT32、セキュアブート等)をまとめて補足します。 ■まず試したい:セーフモードで起動(原因切り分け) 動作が極端に重いときは、いきなり再インストール前にセーフモードで起動して確認しました。設定→システム→回復→「今すぐ再起動」→トラブルシューティング→詳細オプション→スタートアップ設定、の流れで入れます。セーフモードで軽いなら、常駐アプリやドライバが原因のことが多いです。 ■更新プログラムを戻す(直前から不具合が出た場合) 「アップデート後からおかしい」なら、設定→Windows Update→更新の履歴→「更新プログラムをアンインストール」で直ることがありました。機能更新(大型アップデート)直後なら、設定→システム→回復→「前のバージョンに戻す」も候補です。 ■USBインストールメディア作成の注意(8GB以上+FAT32) USBは8GB以上を用意。作成は公式のメディア作成ツールが手堅いです。もしUSBが認識されない/古いPCで相性が出る場合、FAT32でフォーマットされているか確認すると改善することがあります(ただしフォーマットするとUSB内データは消えるので注意)。 ■USBから起動できないとき(F2/F12/DEL、セキュアブート) 起動時にF2/F12/DEL(メーカーで違う)でBIOS/ブートメニューを開き、USBを起動優先にします。ここで詰まったのが「セキュアブート」関連でした。USBが候補に出ない場合は、BIOS側でセキュアブート設定やUEFI起動の条件を確認。機種によっては“古いブート信頼構成”の扱いが絡むこともあるので、無理に変更せず、まずはUSB作成し直し+別ポート(USB2.0側)も試しました。 ■「初期化」や「クリーンインストール」との違い(私の使い分け) ・データを残す再インストール:まずこれ。成功すればファイルを消さずに不具合が改善。 ・初期化:設定から実行。アプリは消えることが多い。 ・クリーンインストール:最終手段。ドライブを消して入れ直すので環境はまっさら。 私は、データを残す→直らなければ初期化→それでもダメならクリーンインストール、の順にしました。 ■再インストール後にやること(アプリの入れ直し対策) うまく復旧しても、アプリの動作が不安定なら再インストール/修復が必要なことがあります。普段から「よく使うアプリの一覧(ブラウザ、Office、チャット、プリンタードライバ)」をメモしておくと、万一初期化やクリーンインストールになっても復旧が早いです。 USBインストールは最初こそ難しく感じましたが、手順を分解すると「メディア作成→BIOSでUSB起動→画面の指示で進める」だけでした。私の場合はこれで“初期化せずに”調子が戻ったので、同じ症状の人は試す価値があります。

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