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Compare Amortization to Sinking Fund.

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... Read moreจากประสบการณ์ส่วนตัวในการศึกษาการบริหารจัดการเงินกู้ การเลือกใช้ระหว่างวิธี Amortization และ Sinking Fund มีความสำคัญต่อภาระค่าใช้จ่ายในแต่ละเดือนและยอดรวมดอกเบี้ยที่ต้องชำระตลอดสัญญา Amortization คือการผ่อนชำระเงินต้นและดอกเบี้ยพร้อมกันในแต่ละงวด ทำให้ยอดหนี้ลดลงอย่างต่อเนื่อง ส่งผลให้ดอกเบี้ยในงวดต่อไปลดลงด้วย จึงทำให้ยอดเงินที่ต้องจ่ายค่อยๆ ลดลงจนสุดท้ายครบถ้วนเมื่อครบกำหนดสัญญา Sinking Fund คือการจ่ายดอกเบี้ยเฉพาะเงินต้นแบบเงินกู้ไว้ก่อน แล้วนำเงินส่วนหนึ่งสะสมในกองทุนที่มีผลตอบแทน เพื่อสะสมเงินก้อนหนึ่งไว้ปลายสัญญาใช้คืนเงินต้นพร้อมกันทั้งหมด วิธีนี้เหมาะกับผู้ที่คาดว่าจะได้เงินก้อนหรือผลตอบแทนจากการลงทุนอื่นมาปิดหนี้ในอนาคต จากการเปรียบเทียบในกรณีเงินกู้ 2,000,000 บาท ระยะเวลา 15 ปี ดอกเบี้ย Amortization 11% ทบต้น พบว่าค่างวดที่ต้องจ่ายน้อยกว่า Sinking Fund ที่จ่ายดอกเบี้ย 10.5% และเก็บเงินเข้ากองทุนที่มีผลตอบแทน 7.5% ต่อปี หลักการที่สำคัญคือ ต้องคำนวณค่าใช้จ่ายรวมดอกเบี้ยและยอดที่ต้องจ่ายต่อเดือนอย่างรอบคอบ เพื่อให้เห็นภาพว่าทางเลือกไหนช่วยประหยัดเงินได้มากกว่าและเหมาะสมกับสถานการณ์ทางการเงินของแต่ละบุคคลหรือบริษัท นอกจากนี้ การใช้ Excel หรือเครื่องมือคำนวณที่เหมาะสมจะช่วยให้เห็นผลลัพธ์ได้ชัดเจน เช่น สูตร PMT ที่ใช้คำนวณการผ่อนชำระรายงวดและการหาจำนวนงวดที่ตรงกับเป้าหมาย ด้วยวิธีนี้ ผู้ที่วางแผนกู้เงินสามารถตัดสินใจเลือกวิธีที่เหมาะสมและช่วยลดภาระค่าใช้จ่ายได้จริงในระยะยาว ทั้งยังช่วยจัดการความเสี่ยงด้านการเงินได้ดีขึ้นอีกด้วย

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