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Estimation. The case is square root # exam

The problem gives us the square root value, but we have to adjust the value by moving the point.

Which one of you has to check the exponent or the nth root?

2025/9/7 Edited to

... Read moreเวลาเจอโจทย์ “หารากที่สอง” ที่ตัวเลขไม่สวย (เช่น 8310 หรือ 83,100) เราไม่จำเป็นต้องถอดรูทด้วยวิธีหารยาวทุกครั้งค่ะ เทคนิคที่ช่วยทำข้อสอบได้ไวคือ “ปรับรูปให้เป็นจำนวนที่เราประมาณค่าได้ง่าย” โดยอาศัยการเลื่อนจุดทศนิยม และจำความสัมพันธ์ของรากที่สองกับเลขยกกำลังของ 10 หลักที่ต้องจำให้แม่น (ใช้บ่อยมาก) - ถ้าเราคูณตัวเลขในรูทด้วย 100 (=10^2) ค่ารากที่สองจะคูณด้วย 10 √(a×100) = 10√a - ถ้าคูณด้วย 10,000 (=10^4) ค่ารากที่สองจะคูณด้วย 100 √(a×10,000) = 100√a - ถ้าหารในรูทด้วย 100 ค่ารากที่สองก็หารด้วย 10 √(a/100) = √a/10 วิธีทำโจทย์แนว “เลื่อนจุด” (แนวเดียวกับในภาพ) 1) เขียนจำนวนให้อยู่ในรูป “ตัวเลข × 10^(เลขคู่)” ให้ได้ก่อน เพราะ 10^(เลขคู่) จะถอดรูทง่าย 2) ถอดรูทแยก: √(ตัวเลข × 10^(2k)) = √(ตัวเลข) × 10^k 3) ส่วน √(ตัวเลข) ให้ประมาณค่าจากค่าที่รู้ หรือเทียบกับกำลังสองใกล้ ๆ ตัวอย่างที่เจอบ่อย - หา √8310 สังเกตว่า 8310 = 83.10 × 100 ดังนั้น √8310 = √(83.10×100) = 10√83.10 ถ้าเรามีค่าประมาณ √83.1 ≈ 9.116 จะได้ √8310 ≈ 10×9.116 = 91.16 - หา √83,100 เขียนเป็น 83.10 × 1000 จะยังถอดไม่สวย เพราะ 1000 = 10^3 (เลขคี่) ให้เลื่อนจุดใหม่เป็น 8.31 × 10,000 (เพราะ 83,100 = 8.31×10^4) ดังนั้น √83,100 = √(8.31×10^4) = 100√8.31 ถ้า √8.31 ≈ 2.883 จะได้ √83,100 ≈ 100×2.883 = 288.3 ทริกตรวจคำตอบเร็ว (กันเลื่อนจุดพลาด) - ประเมินช่วงด้วยกำลังสองใกล้ ๆ เช่น 91^2=8281 และ 92^2=8464 ดังนั้น √8310 ต้องอยู่ระหว่าง 91 กับ 92 (คำตอบ 91.16 สมเหตุสมผล) - สำหรับ 83,100: 288^2=82,944 และ 289^2=83,521 ดังนั้น √83,100 ต้องใกล้ 288 กว่า ๆ (คำตอบ 288.3 ก็เข้าช่วง) แบบฝึกหัดลองทำ (พร้อมแนวคิด) 1) √0.0831 → เขียนเป็น 8.31×10^-2 แล้วถอดเป็น √8.31×10^-1 2) √831,000 → เขียนเป็น 8.31×10^5 แล้วปรับเป็น 83.1×10^4 เพื่อให้เลขชี้กำลังเป็นคู่ ถ้าฝึกแปลงให้อยู่ในรูป ×100, ×10,000 หรือ ÷100 ให้คล่อง โจทย์รากที่สองแบบประมาณค่าจะเร็วขึ้นมากค่ะ

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