Land trading has no rights documents.

"Trading empty-handed land or land without books, documents of rights, guilty."

+ Trading empty land in a village is illegal. Depending on what kind of rights documents the land contains and how it is traded. Trading legitimate land requires forensics to be made at the land office and a rights document that can transfer ownership.

+ Tradable land type

1.) Land Deed (M.4): It is the most complete document of ownership. The holder has the right to possess, exploit and can trade, transfer or mortgage.

2.) Certificate of Benefit (M.3, M.3, M.3 b): It is a document that certifies that the holder has the right to possess and benefit in that land. It can be traded by registration to the staff officer, but the right is inferior to the title deed.

- Illegal land trading

1.) Land does not have a document of rights: Some land plots may not have any documents of rights at all, or they are only local maintenance tax bills (B.C. 5), which are only proof of taxation, not land rights documents. This type of land trade is only "transfer of tenure," which does not make the buyer possessive and vulnerable to tenure.

2.) State land: If the land is state land, such as public, at a forest reserve, or at a royal parcel, trading or possessing it is a criminal offence, punishable by both imprisonment and fine in accordance with the relevant laws, such as the Land Code, the National Forest Act.

# Unregistered trading: Trading land, which is real property, must be bookended and registered only to staff officers at the Land Office. If contracted against each other unregistered, the contract shall be "void" according to the Code of Law and Commerce. Article 456 renders the buyer unentitled to the land.

Warning: Village land trading should check the rights document, ensure that it is a land deed or a transferable M.3, and must be properly implemented in accordance with procedures at the Land Office to prevent legal problems at a later date.

Phu Phi Phong Utra Si, Nm.