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Have you ever wondered why blood drawing requires many colors? 🤔

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... Read moreเวลาไปตรวจสุขภาพแล้วเห็นพยาบาลหยิบหลอดหลายสี หลายคน (รวมถึงเรา) จะสงสัยว่า “ทำไมต้องหลายสี แล้วทำไมต้องเจาะตามลำดับ” จริง ๆ สีของหลอดหมายถึง “สารเติมแต่ง” ข้างในที่ใช้ให้เหมาะกับการตรวจคนละแบบ ถ้าสลับลำดับ อาจเกิดการปนเปื้อนของสารเติมแต่ง ทำให้ผลแล็บคลาดเคลื่อนได้ เลยมีมาตรฐานที่เรียกว่า order of draw หรือ “การเรียงลำดับ tube เจาะเลือด” ค่ะ ลำดับที่เจอบ่อย (6 ชนิด) คือ 1) ขวดเพาะเชื้อ (Hemoculture) – ใช้เพาะเชื้อแบคทีเรีย/รา/วัณโรค ในเลือด เหมาะตอนสงสัยติดเชื้อในกระแสเลือดหรือมีไข้ไม่ทราบสาเหตุ โดยมากจะเจาะก่อนหลอดอื่นเพื่อลดโอกาสปนเปื้อน และต้องระวังความสะอาดผิวหนังก่อนเจาะมาก ๆ 2) หลอดสีฟ้า (Sodium citrate) – ใช้ตรวจการแข็งตัวของเลือด เช่น PT/INR, aPTT, TT จุดสำคัญคือ “ต้องเติมเลือดให้เต็มตามขีด” เพราะสัดส่วนเลือดกับน้ำยาต้องพอดี ไม่งั้นค่าการแข็งตัวเพี้ยนได้ 3) หลอดสีแดง (Clot activator/Serum) – มักใช้ตรวจเคมี/ภูมิคุ้มกัน และบางงานธนาคารเลือด หลังเจาะจะปล่อยให้เลือดแข็งตัวก่อนค่อยปั่นแยกซีรั่ม 4) หลอดสีเขียว (Lithium heparin) – ใช้ตรวจทางเคมีหลายรายการ (เช่นบางชุดตรวจไต/ไขมัน/เกลือแร่ตามแล็บกำหนด) จุดที่ควรระวังคือผสมหลอดเบา ๆ ตามที่เจ้าหน้าที่แนะนำ เพื่อลดโอกาสเม็ดเลือดแดงแตก (hemolysis) 5) หลอดสีม่วง (EDTA K2/K3) – ใช้ตรวจโลหิตวิทยา เช่น CBC, ESR, G6PD, มาลาเรีย และใช้ตรวจ HbA1c ด้วย หลอดนี้ต้องผสมกลับหลอดให้เข้ากันเพื่อกันเลือดแข็งตัวเป็นลิ่ม 6) หลอดสีเทา (Sodium fluoride) – มักใช้ตรวจน้ำตาลในเลือด (บางกรณี) และแอลกอฮอล์ในเลือด จึงมักวางเป็น “ลำดับสุดท้าย” คำถามที่คนค้นหาบ่อยคือ “tube เลือด BUN/Cr สีอะไร?” โดยทั่วไป BUN/Creatinine จัดอยู่ในกลุ่มตรวจเคมีเลือด (chemistry) เลยพบบ่อยกับหลอดที่ได้พลาสมาหรือซีรั่ม เช่น หลอดสีเขียว (heparin) หรือหลอดสีแดง (serum) แต่ในชีวิตจริง “ขึ้นกับแล็บ/โรงพยาบาล” ว่ากำหนดใช้หลอดไหนเป็นมาตรฐาน ดังนั้นถ้าไปตรวจแล้วเห็นสีไม่เหมือนที่เคยเจอ ไม่ได้แปลว่าผิดเสมอไปค่ะ ทริคเล็ก ๆ จากประสบการณ์คนไปตรวจบ่อย: ก่อนเจาะดื่มน้ำพอประมาณ (ถ้าไม่ติดงดน้ำงดอาหาร), ผ่อนคลายแขนไม่กำมือแน่นนาน ๆ และถ้าต้องเจาะ Hemoculture ให้แจ้งประวัติยาปฏิชีวนะที่เพิ่งใช้ เพราะอาจมีผลต่อการเพาะเชื้อได้ ที่สำคัญสุดคือไม่ต้องกังวลเรื่อง “ทำไมต้องหลายหลอด” เพราะแต่ละหลอดถูกออกแบบมาเพื่อให้ผลตรวจแม่นยำที่สุดนั่นเอง

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