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Alien Interview EP3 (6)

"Haha, interview with Grandma? Grandma came from on the hill on the mountain over there with Grandma... That's it. Be friends. Follow each other. Now Grandma doesn't do much. Focus on general employment, like when he lacks people to help collect chili peppers, collect vegetables, Grandma goes to help him get paid."

"If you ask how it is here, it's easier to get around than he is on the doi. (Laughter) If you do something that requires paperwork, you have an alien passport."

"People don't know if Grandma is an alien, because Grandma looks like a normal person, speaks Thai clearly, can write, can read, only Grandma knows that she has no nationality."

"I don't feel hurt right now. Grandma is this age, but as a teenager, there are some thoughts about why we don't have citizenship, no other ID cards."

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

The interviewee is a person born in Thailand, but they are a tribe of people and are not certified as Thai nationals because they have fallen from surveys and government registries and are in stateless status, which is considered by Thai law to be a person without Thai nationality, even if born in Thailand.

Interviewees receive a card or identification document for persons without Thai nationality, which is used to travel and present their identity as required by law. But the document does not confer Thai citizenship, it is only evidence issued by the state to certify their status and facilitate living in Thailand. Thus, legally, the interviewee has the status of an alien or stateless person, not a Thai citizen.

Nationality principle

Nationality is a legal relationship between a person and a state that constitutes the legal rights and obligations of that state. Thailand establishes the principle of nationality in the Nationality Act 1965 and as amended, primarily by means of inheritance, and provides citizenship by territorial principle only if required by law.

In the case of an interviewee, despite being born in Thailand but not being granted Thai citizenship, due to non-legal conditions and no certification of registration status, it is in stateless status and the law that determines the membership of the state as to whether a person has the nationality of that state. In this case, the grandmother does not have Thai nationality, so she has alien status and must use alien documents to confirm her legal identity.

Domicile means a place where a person has a place of residence as an important source of subsistence and is intended to live normally. It is not only a place of temporary residence but a place of central living such as residence, occupation, civil service contact or activities of daily life and has lived and engaged in trade in Saraburi Province for many years. It is considered to have domicile or residence in Thailand, even if there is no Thai nationality. Domicile is not the primary for determining nationality, but the primary for determining certain rights and duties according to the law.

7/21 Edited to

... Read moreจากบทสัมภาษณ์นี้ ผมรู้สึกได้ถึงความท้าทายและความยากลำบากของผู้ที่ไม่มีสัญชาติอย่างชัดเจน แม้ว่าจะเกิดและมีภูมิลำเนาอยู่ในประเทศไทย แต่การไม่ได้รับสัญชาติไทยหมายความว่าพวกเขาไม่มีสิทธิพื้นฐานบางอย่างเหมือนคนทั่วไป เช่น การไม่ได้รับบัตรประชาชนที่ทำให้รู้สึกเหมือนถูกตัดสิทธิ์ในการเข้าถึงสวัสดิการและบริการของรัฐ ผมเคยมีโอกาสพบกับคนในชนเผ่าชาวเขาที่ไม่มีสัญชาติ ก็เหมือนกับยายในบทสัมภาษณ์นี้ พวกเขาต้องพึ่งพาการรับจ้างทำงานทั่วไป เช่น ช่วยเก็บผักเก็บผลไม้ เพื่อเลี้ยงชีพในแต่ละวัน แม้ภายนอกดูเหมือนว่าพวกเขาปรับตัวและอยู่ร่วมกับสังคมได้ดี แต่ก็มีกำแพงที่มองไม่เห็นคอยจำกัดชีวิตและโอกาสของพวกเขาอยู่เสมอ สิ่งที่น่าสนใจคือบัตรหรือเอกสารคนต่างด้าวที่พวกเขาได้รับนั้นไม่ได้หมายความว่าสถานะของพวกเขาจะเปลี่ยนเป็นคนไทย แต่เป็นเพียงเครื่องมือสำหรับยืนยันตัวตนและอำนวยความสะดวกในการดำเนินชีวิตในทางกฎหมายเท่านั้น ซึ่งเมื่อคิดอย่างนี้ เราจะเห็นว่าสถานะไร้สัญชาติสร้างช่องว่างใหญ่ในเรื่องสิทธิขั้นพื้นฐานอย่างไร นอกจากนี้ เรื่องของภูมิลำเนายังช่วยให้เราเข้าใจว่าพวกเขามีถิ่นฐานถาวรในประเทศไทยอย่างแท้จริง และส่วนใหญ่อาศัยอยู่และทำมาหากินเป็นหลักแหล่ง เช่น จังหวัดสระบุรี แต่ภูมิลำเนาไม่มีผลต่อการได้มาซึ่งสัญชาติ จึงเป็นอีกหนึ่งความท้าทายของคนกลุ่มนี้ จากประสบการณ์และความรู้ที่เคยได้อ่านหรือฟังมาพบว่า การแก้ไขปัญหาคนไร้สัญชาติในไทยยังต้องการการปรับปรุงกฎหมายและการเปิดโอกาสให้คนกลุ่มนี้ได้รับการรับรองสถานะทางรัฐอย่างเหมาะสม หากไม่มีการเปลี่ยนแปลงนี้ พวกเขาจะยังคงเผชิญกับอุปสรรคในการใช้ชีวิตประจำวันที่คนไทยคนอื่นๆ อาจถือเป็นเรื่องปกติอย่างการมีบัตรประชาชน การเข้าถึงบริการสาธารณะ หรือสิทธิในการทำงานอย่างเต็มที่ ดังนั้น การรับฟังเสียงจากคนไร้สัญชาติและเฝ้าติดตามความคืบหน้าในเรื่องสัญชาติในประเทศไทย ถือเป็นเรื่องจำเป็นที่ทุกคนควรใส่ใจ เพื่อให้สังคมไทยเป็นสังคมที่เท่าเทียมและเปิดโอกาสสำหรับทุกคนจริงๆ

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