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♪ Math think sensitive ep51 times the dot vector type 1

2025/9/3 Edited to

... Read moreถ้าใครกำลังอ่าน “เวกเตอร์ ม.5” แล้วติดเรื่องการคูณเวกเตอร์แบบ dot (Dot product) เรามาเก็บแก่นให้ชัดแบบทำโจทย์ได้จริงกันค่ะ/ครับ โดย “Dot product” คือการคูณเวกเตอร์แล้วได้ “จำนวนจริง” (สเกลาร์) ไม่ใช่เวกเตอร์เหมือน cross product 1) สูตรที่ใช้บ่อย (แบบ i, j, k) ให้ u = ai + bj + ck และ v = di + ej + fk จะได้ u·v = ad + be + cf ทริกจำ: “คูณตัวที่อยู่ตำแหน่งเดียวกันแล้วบวกกัน” (i กับ i, j กับ j, k กับ k) 2) วิธีทำแบบเร็ว (Dot vector แบบที่ 1) - จัดเวกเตอร์ให้อยู่ในรูป i, j, k ให้ครบ 3 แกนก่อน - ดึงค่าสัมประสิทธิ์ของ i, j, k ออกมาเป็นชุดตัวเลข - คูณตามคู่แล้วบวกทันที ตัวอย่างสั้น ๆ: u = 3i - 2j + k, v = 4i + 4j - 2k u·v = (3)(4) + (-2)(4) + (1)(-2) = 12 - 8 - 2 = 2 จุดที่พลาดบ่อย: ลืมเครื่องหมายลบของพจน์ j หรือ k ทำให้ผลเพี้ยน 3) ถ้าโจทย์ให้เวกเตอร์ไม่ครบแกน ต้องเติม 0 เช่น u = 2i - 5k (ไม่มี j) ให้มองเป็น u = 2i + 0j - 5k แล้วค่อยคูณตามสูตร จะช่วยกันลืมตำแหน่ง 4) ความหมายสำคัญที่ออกสอบบ่อย - ถ้า u·v = 0 แปลว่า u ตั้งฉากกับ v - ถ้า u·v > 0 มุมระหว่างเวกเตอร์เป็นมุมแหลม - ถ้า u·v < 0 มุมเป็นมุมป้าน อันนี้ใช้เช็กความสมเหตุสมผลของคำตอบได้เร็วมาก 5) เชื่อมกับสูตรมุม (เผื่อเจอในข้อสอบ) u·v = |u||v|cosθ ดังนั้น cosθ = (u·v)/(|u||v|) และ |u| = √(a²+b²+c²) เมื่อ u = ai + bj + ck สรุปจำง่าย: Dot product = “คูณตำแหน่งเดียวกันแล้วบวก” และระวังเครื่องหมายลบให้ดี แค่นี้โจทย์เวกเตอร์ ม.5 เรื่อง dot ก็ทำได้คล่องขึ้นมาก

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