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Reversing globalization flows (globalisation) and financial crisis risks

Key issues

1. The era of globalization

• A time when trade, cross-border investment and global supply chains were expanding dramatically - or, say, "globalization" was on the rise.

• Many economies rely on this era structure: export ‐ production ‐ investment is linked globally.

2. Signs of a regression / rollback of globalization

• There are geopolitics, such as trade wars, major international tensions.

• Trends in domestic "desk" (re-shoring / on-shoring) or reducing dependence on international trade / supply chains

• Changing the role of the United States-America: The United may not be a "director" (orchestrator) of globalization as in the past.

3. Declining United States role and impact on the global financial system

• When the United States is not at the forefront, there may not be a "backstop" of the global financial system, as usual.

• The current global financial system is highly interconnected - so when shocks occur, they can spread quickly and violently.

• Without the United States as a mainstay, there can be "gaps" in multilateral coordination, making crisis management more difficult.

4. The risk of the next financial crisis

• Highly linked financial system + tense geopolitics + diminished US role = conditions that could make the crisis bigger

• Example: If capital flows fluctuate, public and private debt are high, financial markets are fragile - when combined, meltdown can be more severe than in the past.

• Without a global "crusher" with power and trust like the United States, it could cause other countries to become more "followers" and not have enough leading centers to manage their resolve effectively.

5. Policy considerations

• Countries should prepare for a less connected and more economically decentralized world.

• International cooperation and multilateral institutions also play an important role - but domestic policies should be flexible.

• The resilience of the financial system must be strengthened: reserves, transparency, reducing the risk of sole dependence (one ‐ big-player).

2025/11/3 Edited to

... Read moreในยุคปัจจุบันที่โลกาภิวัตน์กำลังเผชิญกับการย้อนกลับอย่างชัดเจน เราเห็นได้ว่าระบบการเงินโลกกำลังจะเกิดการเปลี่ยนแปลงขั้นรุนแรงขึ้น (globalisation ระบบการเงินโลกกำลังจะเกิดการเปลี่ยนแปลงขั้นรุนแรง) โดยสัญญาณของการย้อนกลับนี้มีผลเชื่อมโยงอย่างใกล้ชิดกับความผันผวนของการไหลของเงินทุนข้ามประเทศและความเปราะบางของตลาดการเงินโลก การที่บทบาทสำคัญของสหรัฐลดลงในฐานะผู้ค้ำประกันระบบการเงินโลก สร้างช่องว่างเมื่อเกิดวิกฤตขึ้น ทำให้การจัดการและการประสานงาน (multilateral coordination) ระหว่างประเทศซับซ้อนและยากขึ้นมาก การที่ระบบการเงินมีความเชื่อมโยงกันอย่างสูง (interconnectedness) หมายความว่าแรงสั่นสะเทือนทางการเงินส่วนหนึ่งสามารถกระจายอย่างรวดเร็วและกว้างขวาง ส่งผลให้ความเสี่ยงของการเกิดวิกฤตการเงินครั้งต่อไปมีแนวโน้มรุนแรงกว่าครั้งก่อน ๆ การเกิดปัญหาทางการเงินจากทุนข้ามประเทศผันผวนสูง หนี้สาธารณะและเอกชนที่อยู่ในระดับสูงมาก รวมถึงตลาดการเงินที่เปราะบาง เป็นตัวอย่างเงื่อนไขที่ทำให้ “การล่ม” (meltdown) มีความรุนแรงเพิ่มขึ้นโดยเฉพาะเมื่อขาดผู้ค้ำประกันระดับโลกที่เป็นที่ไว้วางใจอย่างสหรัฐฯ ในเชิงนโยบาย ประเทศต่าง ๆ ควรเตรียมความพร้อมรับมือกับสภาพแวดล้อมโลกที่มีการเชื่อมโยงและพึ่งพากันน้อยลง โดยต้องเน้นความยืดหยุ่นของนโยบายภายในและเสริมสร้างความแข็งแกร่งของระบบการเงิน เช่น การเพิ่มสำรองทุน การเพิ่มความโปร่งใสในการดำเนินงาน และการลดการพึ่งพาผู้เล่นรายเดียว (one-big-player) ขณะเดียวกัน ความร่วมมือระหว่างประเทศและสถาบันข้ามชาติยังคงมีบทบาทสำคัญในการสร้างกรอบการประสานงานที่มีประสิทธิภาพ เพื่อลดช่องว่างและความเสี่ยงจากความไม่มั่นคงของระบบการเงินโลก ดังนั้น การเข้าใจบริบทของการย้อนกลับโลกาภิวัตน์และความเสี่ยงที่อาจนำไปสู่วิกฤตการเงินครั้งใหญ่ เป็นสิ่งสำคัญสำหรับการพัฒนากลยุทธ์และมาตรการที่เหมาะสม เพื่อรักษาเสถียรภาพทางการเงินระดับโลกและเตรียมพร้อมสำหรับความท้าทายในอนาคต

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