Schematic of Off-Grid Solar System (Freestanding)

Schematic of Off-Grid Photovoltaic System, a system that produces electricity without connecting to electricity, suitable for remote areas or for backup.

Here are the details of the operation and equipment:

1. Main equipment and functional functions

1. Solar Panel: Acting to receive sunlight and turn light energy into DC.

2.Protective set (DC MCB & SPD):

• DC MCB (Breaker): Cut the circuit when overpower or short circuit occurs to prevent equipment damage.

• SPD (Surge Protective Device): Surge protector (i.e. lightning strikes nearby) by draining excess pressure to the ground (Ground)

3. Solar Charge Controller: Control the voltage and current from the solar panel to charge down the battery properly. Prevent swelling or deteriorating batteries.

4.Battery (Battery): Store the generated electrical backup from the panel for use during sunless or nighttime.

5. Inverter: Convert DC from a battery into AC for use with conventional electrical appliances (e.g. lamps, fans, TVs)

6.Load (Lamp / Load): Electrical equipment we want to use

2. Step-by-Step

• Daylight: Aperture solar panels - > produce DC light - > run through protective breakers - > get into the Charge Controller - > charge down the battery, and send the light to Inverter for immediate use.

• Night Range: Solar panels stop producing lights - > The system pulls the accumulated lights into the battery - > passes them through Inverter - > converts them to house lights for use.

3. Advantages and disadvantages

Advantages:

• Save on electricity: Produce free fire from the sun, reduce monthly expenses

• Self-Reliance: Works even in areas inaccessible to electricity, or used as a backup light when the lights are out.

• Eco Friendly: It's Clean Energy, No Carbon Emission

Disadvantages:

• High initial cost: The cost of equipment (especially batteries) is high.

• Battery life: Required by cycle (about 2-5 years, depending on type)

• Weather restrictions: Heavy rainy or less sunny days, fire production will be greatly reduced

4. Additional items and instructions

• Load Calculation: Before installing, you need to calculate how many watts an appliance consumes to choose the panel, battery, and Inverter sizes in relation to each other. Otherwise, the fire will run out quickly or Inverter may burn.

• Grounding system: Very important for external installation. To prevent fire leak and lightning hazard as per image with green grounding symbol.

• Type of Inverter: Pure Sine Wave should be selected if you want to use it with a motor or refrigerator, so that the appliance will run at full capacity and not damage.

• Maintenance: The solar panel should be wiped clean regularly, not to be dusty or dusty because it will cause a noticeable reduction in fire production efficiency.

If you are planning to install this kit for practical use, check the "total wattage" of the appliances to be brought forward for maximum safety.