The interoperability principle of "Fire Protection and Fighting System"

The collaborative principle of "Fire Protection and Fighting System" is systematically divided into five key parts:

1. Fire Detection System

This system acts as an "eye" and a "nose" in incident proof checks to alert people to evacuate and signal other systems to work.

Types of Fire Detectors

Smoke Detector (SD): Detects Early Stage Fire Smoke Particles, Suitable for Office and Bedroom

Heat Detector (HD): High Heat Detector with Fixed Temperature and Rate of Rise. Suitable for Kitchen and Boiler Rooms to prevent false notifications from cooking smoke.

Flame Detector: Detects UV / IR radiation waves from flames directly, suitable for high risk areas such as oil and gas plants.

Gas Detector: Detects flammable or toxic gases such as LPG, CO, H _ 2S, popularly used in parking buildings and gas chambers.

Beam Smoke Detector: Use a beam to detect smoke in a large open space such as a warehouse or auditorium.

Aspirating Smoke Detector: Random Smoke Detection System Air Intake Through Analysis Hose. Very Sensitive in Early Detection (Very Early Detection). Fits Server Room and Data Center.

Multi-Sensor Detector (HSD): Combines both smoke and heat sensing together for high accuracy. Popular use in hospitals and hotels.

Manual Call Point (MCP): A hand notification device that allows the person who witnessed the incident to press the system alert by themselves, usually installed near exit doors and hallways.

2. Fire Sprinkler System

It serves as the first primary automatic fire suppression system, operating only at high heat points.

Sprinkler Head Function Structure and Principles

1. Heat Sensing: When there is a fire, the heat will send to the glass bulb or the temperature-sensitive fusible link.

2.Automatic Activation: When the temperature reaches the threshold (e.g. red at 68 ^\ circ\ text {C} or 155 ^\ circ\ text {F}), the link will melt or the glass bulb will break off, causing the sealing device (Orifice Cap / Sealing Assembly) to fall off and allow the water to burst out.

3.Water Distribution: The ejected water will collide with the Deflector, causing the dispersion water to frayed, covering an area of 360 degrees. To control and extinguish the fire quickly within seconds.

Bulb Operating Temperament

The selection of the sprinkler head must be suitable for the operating temperature of the area:

Orange: 57 ^\ circ\ text {C} (135 ^\ circ\ text {F})

Red: 68 ^\ circ\ text {C} (155 ^\ circ\ text {F})

Yellow: 79 ^\ circ\ text {C} (174 ^\ circ\ text {F})

Green: 93 ^\ circ\ text {C} (200 ^\ circ\ text {F})

Blue: 141 ^\ circ\ text {C} (286 ^\ circ\ text {F})

Purple: 182 ^\ circ\ text {C} (360 ^\ circ\ text {F})

Black: 227 ^\ circ\ text {C} (440 ^\ circ\ text {F})

Springer Head Mounting Pattern (Types of Sprinklers)

Pendant: Hanging from the ceiling.

Upright: Set feed, point upwards, stay on the pipe.

Sidewall: mounted by the wall, spewing low-rise water.

Concealed / Flushed Recessed: Hidden Behind Decorative Covers, Or The Same Plane As Frosted For Beauty

Dry: For areas with extreme cold weather to prevent water in the pipe froze.

ESFR (Early Suppression Fast Response): High Pressure, High Volume and Super Quick Response Water Supply, Suitable for Warehouse

Extended Coverage / CMSA: Designed for wide area coverage, or controlled by specific job characteristics.

Density and Spacing Design (K-Factor Selection according to NFPA 13)

Light Hazard (Less Risky): Water Density 0.05 to 0.10 gpm /\ text {ft} ^ 2 Spaced 15\ text {ft}\ times 15\ text {ft}

Ordinary Hazard (Medium Risk): Water Density 0.10 to 0.20 gpm /\ text {ft} ^ 2 Spaced 12\ text {ft}\ times 12\ text {ft}

Extra Hazard (High Risk): Water Density 0.15 to 0.30 gpm /\ text {ft} ^ 2 Spaced 12.8\ text {ft}\ times 17\ text {ft}

3.Fire Fighting & Hydrant System

The infrastructure to drive water to the crash site consists of the following key parts:

Fire Pumps (Fire Water Pump):

Jockey Pump: A small pump keeps the pressure on the tube system from falling when a small leak occurs.

Main Pump (ELP / DEP): High Pressure Main Pump, with Electric Electric Fire Pump (ELP) as the main propulsion system, and Diesel Engine Driven Fire Pump (DEP), a diesel engine that acts as a backup pump (Backup) in case of a blackout.

Important Valves (Vital Valve):

GV (Gate Valve): Water Gate Valve Use On / Off Main Flow Control

BFV (Butterfly Valve): Quick On / Off Butterfly Wing Valve

NRV (Non-Return Valve / Check Valve): Reverse Waterproof Valve

PRV / PSV / ARV: Pressure Reduction Valve and Excess Pressure Relief Valve for Pipe System Safety

Fire Hydrant & Storage: Contains Fire Water Receiver / Dispenser (FH), Building Fire Washer (FHC) Cabinet, Riser Pipeline, and Underground Fire Water Tank (Underground Fire Water Tanks)

4. Fire Extinguishers by Fire Type

It is used for primary fire fighting by humans before automation works or at specific points. You must choose the right type to the Fire Triangle (Heat + Fuel + Oxygen), which in Portuguese from the image is classified as follows:

Classe A (Água / Espuma): Water or foam type tank, suitable for quenching common fueled solid items such as paper, wood and cloth.

Classe B (Pó Químico Seco): Dry chemical powder tank (or foam tank) for extinguishing fires caused by flammable liquids and flammable gases.

Classe C (CO _ 2 / Pó Químico): Carbon dioxide tank or dry chemical powder, suitable for extinguishing fires caused to electrical equipment with an electric current flowing (not as a conductive medium).

Classe D (Pó Químico Especial): A special formula chemical powder for extinguishing fires caused by combustible metals.

Classe K (Pó Químico ABC / K): Designed specifically for kitchen fires caused by cooking oils and fats.

5. Disaster Relief Unit (Fire Tenders / Fire Engine)

When the incident is too serious for the building system to control, different types of fire trucks will support it:

WFT (Water Tender): Main Fire Water Truck

TFT (Foam Tender): Foam System Fire Engine for Chemical / Oil Fire Control

HRT (Hydraulic Rescue Tender): Assist Vehicle with Hydraulic Speculum Cutting Equipment

MLFT (Multi-Purpose Tender): Multi-Purpose Fire Truck Supports a Variety of Works

System Integration

If there is a fire, the Detection System or Sprinkler will work first - > When the sprinkler breaks, the water will spray out the fire and result in a drop in the pressure of the pipe system - > Jockey Pump and Main Pump will detect the fall pressure and start the machine automatically to compress the high pressure water to fill it - > At the same time, humans can use the Extinguisher or FHC to suppress the incident, and if it is more serious, the Fire Tenders will come to the outside water receiver to deliver the rescue water immediately.