**copied**
Do the Dew(claws)?
M. Christine Zink DVM, PhD, DACVSMR
I am a vet that works exclusively with performance dogs, developing rehabilitation programs for injured dogs or dogs that have had surgery as a result of performance-related injuries. I have seen many dogs now, especially field trial/hunt test and agility dogs, that have had chronic carpal arthritis, frequently so severe that they have to be retired or at least carefully managed for the rest of their careers. Of the over 30 dogs I have seen with carpal arthritis, only one has had dewclaws. The others have all had them removed. If you look at an anatomy book (Miller’s Guide to the Anatomy of Dogs is an excellent one – see figure below) you will see that there are 5 tendons attached to the dewclaw. Of course, at the other end of a tendon is a muscle, and that means that if you cut off the dew claws, there are 5 muscle bundles that will become atrophied from disuse. Those muscles indicate that the dewclaws have a function. That function is to prevent torque on the leg. Each time the foot lands on the ground, particularly when the dog is cantering or galloping, the dewclaw is in touch with the ground. If the dog then needs to turn, the dewclaw digs into the ground to support the lower leg and prevent torque. If the dog doesn’t have a dewclaw, the leg twists. A lifetime of that and the result can be carpal arthritis. Remember: the dog is doing the activity regardless, and the pressures on the leg have to go somewhere. They can be absorbed by the dewclaw, or they will move up and down the leg to the toes, carpus, elbow, and shoulders. Perhaps you are thinking, “I never have had one of my dogs have carpal pain or arthritis.” Well, we need to remember that dogs, by their very nature, do not tell us about mild to moderate pain. If a dog was to be asked by an emergency room nurse to give the level of his pain on a scale from 0 to 10, with 10 being the worst, their scale would be 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. Most of our dogs, especially if they deal with pain that is of gradual onset, just deal with it and don’t complain unless it is excruciating. But when I palpate the carpal joints of older dogs without dewclaws, I almost always elicit pain with relatively minimal manipulation. As to the possibility of injuries to dew claws. Most veterinarians will say that such injuries actually are not very common at all. And if they do occur, then they are dealt with like any other injury. In my opinion, it is far better to deal with an injury than to cut the dew claws off of all dogs “just in case.” Anatomical diagram viewing the medial side of a dog’s left front leg demonstrating the five tendons that attach to the dewclaw.
From my experience as a dog owner and enthusiast involved in agility training, I’ve noticed that dewclaws often get overlooked or removed without fully understanding their function. This article highlights something I’ve observed personally: dogs with intact dewclaws seem to maintain better leg stability during fast-paced turns and sharp maneuvers. In particular, the anatomical insight that five tendons connect the dewclaw to muscles helps explain why removing these claws might lead to muscle atrophy and increased joint stress. Watching agility dogs perform, it’s clear how the dewclaw acts almost like a natural brake or stabilizer that prevents excessive twisting of the lower leg under high torque conditions. This support likely reduces wear and tear on the carpal joints, which aligns with findings about the prevalence of carpal arthritis in dogs without dewclaws. Moreover, the fact that dogs usually mask their pain means subtle injuries or chronic discomfort might go unnoticed until they become severe. Keeping the dewclaws intact allows the dog’s limb mechanics to function more naturally, potentially preventing long-term orthopedic issues. While some may worry about dewclaw injuries, in my experience and supported by veterinary opinions, such injuries are relatively uncommon and manageable, making the benefits of retention outweigh the risks. For anyone involved in training or caring for performance dogs—whether in field trials, hunt tests, or agility—considering the preservation of dewclaws can be crucial to maintaining your dog's overall musculoskeletal health. Regular veterinary check-ups focusing on the carpal area can also help detect any early signs of arthritis, enabling timely intervention. Ultimately, understanding the true function of dewclaws fosters better care decisions that improve your dog’s quality of life and athletic longevity.
