Understanding hypoparathyroidism and hyperparathyroidism is crucial for nursing students preparing for the NCLEX exam and clinical practice. Both conditions involve disruptions in parathyroid hormone levels that directly affect calcium regulation in the body—hypoparathyroidism leading to low calcium levels and hyperparathyroidism causing high calcium levels. In hypoparathyroidism, inadequate secretion of parathyroid hormone results in hypocalcemia, which can cause symptoms like muscle cramps, tetany, numbness, and in severe cases, cardiac arrhythmias. Nursing care priorities include monitoring calcium levels closely, educating patients on calcium and vitamin D supplementation, and preventing complications such as seizures. Conversely, hyperparathyroidism leads to excess parathyroid hormone, causing hypercalcemia. This condition can manifest with fatigue, kidney stones, bone pain, and cognitive disturbances. Nurses must focus on assessing symptoms, encouraging hydration to reduce stone formation, and preparing patients for possible surgical interventions if indicated. Effective management of these disorders requires an understanding of calcium homeostasis and the role of AI tools in diagnosing and educating about these conditions is growing. Healthcare professionals increasingly use AI-powered diagnostic aids to recognize subtle biochemical imbalances and tailor patient education plans. For NCLEX success, mastering these exemplars involves integrating pathophysiology knowledge with practical nursing interventions. Using AI-based learning modules or apps can enhance retention and help simulate clinical decision-making scenarios. Overall, being well-versed in the management of both hypoparathyroidism and hyperparathyroidism equips nursing students with the skills needed to ensure patient safety and improve health outcomes.