But scientists eventually asked a much harder question:
How does growth hormone actually make us grow?
By the 1950s, researchers could see that human GH could restore growth in children with severe deficiency.
But seeing growth happen didn't explain the mechanism.
Then an experiment with growing cartilage produced a result that changed the story.
Growth hormone wasn't acting in the simple way researchers expected.
The investigation eventually led from sulfation factor → somatomedins → IGF-1, revealing a much more complex system connecting the pituitary, liver, bone, muscle, and other tissues.
The hormone had been discovered.
Understanding what it was actually doing took decades longer.
THE HISTORY OF GROWTH HORMONE — PART 3
How Does Growth Hormone Actually Make Us Grow?
Next Sunday — Part 4: When Growth Hormone Changed Forever
... Read moreFrom personal experience studying endocrinology, I found the journey to understand growth hormone’s function truly eye-opening. Initially, I assumed GH simply told the body to grow, but the research reveals a fascinating complexity. Growth hormone does not work alone — it stimulates the liver and other tissues to produce IGF-1, a powerful growth mediator. This hormone then acts locally and systemically to promote the division and maturation of cartilage cells, which lengthens bones during childhood.
What stood out to me was the species specificity of GH. Early treatments failed when animal hormones were used in humans, showing us how finely tuned our biological systems are. The discovery that GH triggers the production of somatomedins and especially IGF-1 opened up a new understanding of growth as a coordinated, multi-hormonal system.
In my studies, I also learned how this GH-IGF-1 axis influences metabolism and tissue repair beyond just stimulating height. It adapts our bodies throughout life, not just during childhood. This insight broadens the view of GH from a simple growth promoter to a key regulator of overall health and adaptation.
For anyone interested in human biology or hormone therapy, appreciating the multi-step signaling pathway — from pituitary GH release to liver IGF-1 production to local tissue effects — is essential. It explains why treatments need to consider the entire system, not just GH levels alone. This complexity is why decades of research were required before the mechanisms were fully understood and why research into GH continues to evolve.