Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) is a progressive, fatal disease affecting deer, elk, and moose populations across North America and other parts of the world. It belongs to a group of diseases caused by prions — misfolded proteins that trigger abnormal folding of normal proteins in the brain, leading to brain damage and ultimately death. Unlike bacteria or viruses, prions are uniquely resistant to conventional methods of decontamination and cannot be treated or cured. CWD is transmitted primarily through direct contact with infected animals' bodily fluids such as saliva, urine, feces, or through contaminated environments like soil and vegetation. The disease's long incubation period means that infected animals can spread it unknowingly, making containment challenging. Typical symptoms include drastic weight loss, stumbling, lack of coordination, drooling, and behavioral changes, culminating in death. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and wildlife agencies emphasize that there is currently no vaccine or effective treatment to stop CWD. Surveillance, testing, and proper disposal of infected carcasses are crucial management tools. Hunters are advised to have harvested deer tested and avoid consuming meat from animals that test positive for CWD. Research into prion diseases like CWD aims to better understand prion biology, transmission pathways, and environmental persistence. Scientists are also investigating potential diagnostic tests and approaches to block prion replication or prevent disease spread. Because CWD affects wildlife health and ecosystem balance, it poses significant challenges for wildlife conservation and forest management. Awareness campaigns and partnerships between governments, scientists, and communities continue to play a vital role in efforts to monitor, manage, and eventually contain this devastating deer disease.